如何区分使用how much和how many以避免混淆
如何区分使用how much和how many以避免混淆
How much和how many是英语中非常常见的结构，用于询问数量或价格。然而，这两个结构的使用场景和规则却很容易让人混淆。本文将详细讲解how much和how many的用法区别，帮助你避免在使用时出现错误。
总结如何使用how much和how many
在英语中，how much和how many都用于询问数量。但是，要区分how much和how many，需要根据它们所伴随的名词来决定。
- How much用于询问不可数名词的数量。不可数名词是那些不能用自然数计数的名词，例如water、rice、money、time、work等。
- How many用于询问可数名词的数量。可数名词是可以用自然数计数的名词，例如books、pencils、apples、cars等。
下面是一些使用how much和how many的例子：
- How much water is there in the bottle?（瓶子里有多少水？）
- How many books do you have?（你有多少本书？）
- How much time do we have left?（我们还剩多少时间？）
- How many cars are there in the parking lot?（停车场里有多少辆车？）
此外，how much也可以用来询问某物的价格。
- How much is this shirt?（这件衬衫多少钱？）
- How much does a ticket to the concert cost?（音乐会的门票多少钱？）
1. 使用方法
How much用于询问不可数名词的数量。这些名词通常用升、杯、千克、年、小时等单位来衡量。
2. 使用注意事项
不可数名词总是跟在how much后面。区分how much和how many的一个要点是，how much可以用来询问某物的价格。
3. How much的结构
how much的一般结构是：
How much + 不可数名词 + do/does/did + 主语 + 动词？
回答这种how much问题的公式是：
主语 + 动词 + 数量 +……
对于"to be"动词，我们有以下公式：
How much + 不可数名词 + is/are + there？
回答：
There is/There are + 数量 +……
例如：
- How much rice is there in the bowl? There are two cups of rice in the bowl.（碗里有多少米？碗里有两杯米。）
- How much sugar do you want in your coffee? I want two teaspoons of sugar in my coffee.（你想要多少糖在你的咖啡里？我想要两茶匙糖在我的咖啡里。）
- How much time do we have left? We have one hour left.（我们还剩多少时间？我们还剩一个小时。）
- How much did that shirt cost? That shirt cost $50.（那件衬衫多少钱？那件衬衫50美元。）
要询问价格，我们通常使用以下结构：
How much is/does/did + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 动词？
⇒ 主语 + to be + 价格
或者
How much does it cost to + 动词？
⇒ 主语 + cost/costs + 价格
下面是一些使用how much询问价格的例子：
- How much is this shirt? This shirt is $50.（这件衬衫多少钱？这件衬衫50美元。）
- How much does a gallon of milk cost? A gallon of milk costs $3.50.（一加仑牛奶多少钱？一加仑牛奶3.50美元。）
- How much did the car cost? The car cost $20,000.（这辆车多少钱？这辆车20,000美元。）
- How much does it cost to buy a car? It costs $20,000 to buy a car.（买一辆车要多少钱？买一辆车要20,000美元。）
1. 使用方法
How many用于询问可数名词的数量。这些可数名词复数形式通常以"s/ es"结尾，例如books、pencils、apples、cars等。
2. 使用注意事项
区分how much和how many的关键是，可数名词复数总是跟在how many后面。回答how many问题的答案通常是数字。
3. How many的结构
使用how many的一般结构是：
How many + 可数名词复数 + do/did/does + 主语 + 动词？
⇒ 主语 + 动词 + 数量
对于"to be"动词，我们有以下结构：
How many + 可数名词复数 + are there +……？
⇒ There is/There are + 数量
例如：
- How many books do you have?（你有多少本书？）
→ I have 10 books.（我有10本书。） - How many pencils are there on the table?（桌子上多少支铅笔？）
→ There are 2 pencils on the table.（桌子上2支铅笔。） - How many apples did you eat?（你吃了多少个苹果？）
→ I ate 3 apples.（我吃了3个苹果。） - How many cars are there in the parking lot?（停车场里有多少辆车？）
→ There are 5 cars in the parking lot.（停车场里有5辆车。）
在英语中，有一些词可以替代how much和how many：
- What is the quantity of?
- What is the amount of?
- What is the size of?
- What is the volume of?
- What is the weight of?
- What is the cost of?
- What is the number of?
- What is the quantity of?
- What is the amount of?
- How many times?
- How many people?
- How many things?
例如：
- What is the number of books in the school library?（学校图书馆有多少本书？）
- What is the amount of liquid allowed on an airplane?（飞机上允许携带多少液体？）
- How many people are there in your family?（你家有多少人？）
- What is the cost of a Lamborghini?（兰博基尼多少钱？）
- What is the volume of water?（水的体积是多少？）
- What is the size of the earth?（地球的大小是多少？）
在某些情况下，你也可以使用以下短语来代替how much和how many：
- How many/much of?
- How many/much are there?
- How many/much is there?
例如：
- How much rice is there in the bowl?（碗里有多少米？）
= How many/much of rice is there in the bowl?
= How much rice is in the bowl? - How many books do you have?（你有多少本书？）
= How many/much of books do you have?
= How many books are there?
除了上述提到的用法，how much和how many还用于以下短语：
How much
- How much is that worth?（那值多少钱？）
- How much do you know about that?（你对那了解多少？）
- How much do you care?（你有多在乎？）
- How much do you want?（你想要多少？）
- How much longer?（还要多久？）
- How much of a difference does it make?（有多大差别？）
- How much of a problem is it?（这是多大问题？）
- How much of a hurry are you in?（你有多急？）
- How much of a risk are you willing to take?（你愿意承担多大风险？）
How many
- How many times have I told you that?（我告诉过你多少次了？）
- How many people are there?（有多少人？）
- How many ways are there to do that?（有多少种方法可以做到？）
- How many times have you been to the restaurant this week?（这周你去过几次餐厅？）
- How many times did I tell you not to do that?（我告诉过你多少次不要那样做？）
- How many times did you say that?（你说过多少次？）
- How many times do I have to tell you?（我得告诉你多少次？）
- How many times can I say I’m sorry?（我可以道歉多少次？）
- How many times do you think I’ve heard that?（你认为我听过多少次了？）
练习题
练习题1：
使用how much或how many完成以下成语：
- (How much/how many) of a difference does it make?
- (How much/ how many) ways are there to do that?
- (How much/how many) times have I told you that?
练习题2：
找出并改正以下句子中how much和how many的错误用法：
- How much people are there in the room?
- There are many apples in the bowl.
- The car costs many.
- How many times you have been to the movies this week?
- I ate many apples today.
- There are many people in the room.
练习题答案
练习题2：
- How much
- How many
- How many
练习题3：
- 错误，因为"people"是可数名词复数。改正：How many people are there in the room?
- 没有错误
- 错误，因为"many"是形容词，不是动词。改正：The car costs much.
- 错误，因为"you"是句子的主语，不需要在动词"have"后面加"s"。改正：How many times have you been to the movies this week?
- 没有错误
- 没有错误
希望这些实用的信息能帮助你区分how much和how many的用法，让你在日常交流中更加自信地使用它们。