英语主谓一致：从痛点到精准掌握

英语主谓一致：从痛点到精准掌握

主谓一致是英语学习中的一个核心语法点，也是许多学习者容易犯错的地方。本文将从基础概念出发，详细讲解主谓一致的核心规则、常见易错场景及破解方法，并配有实用的口诀记忆法和实战训练，帮助读者精准掌握这一知识点。

一、主谓一致：英语学习者的“老大难”

在英语写作和口语中，主谓不一致是高频错误。比如：

• ✘ The team are celebrating their victory.
• ✔️ The team is celebrating its victory.
• ✘ Maths are my favorite subject.
• ✔️ Maths is my favorite subject.

这类错误看似简单，却常让学习者栽跟头，甚至影响表达的准确性和流畅性。

二、主谓一致的核心规则：“单对单，双对双”

定义：主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”上必须保持一致。

基础规则：

• 单数主语 → 单数谓语动词（如：is, has, does）
• 复数主语 → 复数谓语动词（如：are, have, do）

例1：

• ✔️ The cat sleeps on the chair.（单数主语）
• ✔️ The cats sleep on the chair.（复数主语）

例2：

• ✔️ She has a book.（第三人称单数）
• ✔️ They have books.（复数）

三、常见易错场景与破解方法

1. 复合主语（and/or连接）

• A and B → 复数（视为整体时例外）
• ✔️ Tom and Jerry are friends.
• ✔️ Bread and butter is my breakfast.（整体概念）
• A or B → 谓语与最近的主语一致
• ✔️ Neither the teacher nor the students were late.
• ✔️ Either the dogs or the cat is making noise.

2. 集体名词（family, team, government等）

• 强调整体 → 单数
• ✔️ The family is planning a trip.
• 强调个体 → 复数
• ✔️ The family are arguing among themselves.

3. 不定代词（everyone, something, each等）

• 单数含义 → 单数谓语
• ✔️ Everyone has a seat.
• ✔️ Each of the students was absent.
• 复数含义 → 复数谓语（如：both, few, many）
• ✔️ Both are correct.

4. the number of vs. a number of

• the number of + 复数名词 → 单数
• ✔️ The number of students is 50.
• a number of + 复数名词 → 复数
• ✔️ A number of students were late.

5. there be句型

• 谓语与最近的主语一致
• ✔️ There is a book and two pens on the desk.
• ✔️ There are two pens and a book on the desk.

6. 以s结尾的单数名词（maths, news, physics等）

• ✔️ The news is surprising.
• ✔️ Physics is a challenging subject.

四、快速记忆口诀

“单数主语配单动，复数主语动也复；
and连接表整体，or临近来决定；
集体名词看语境，不定代词大多单；
the number是单数，a number表复数；
there be遵就近，s结尾未必复。”

五、实战训练

判断正误并修正：

1. ✘ The scissors is on the table.
   → ✔️ The scissors are on the table.

2. ✘ Each of the boys have a toy.
   → ✔️ Each of the boys has a toy.

3. ✘ Neither the players nor the coach want to lose.
   → ✔️ Neither the players nor the coach wants to lose.