2020-2024年高考英语真题解析：序数词和冠词的正确使用

2020-2024年高考英语真题解析：序数词和冠词的正确使用

在高考英语中，序数词和冠词的用法一直是重要的考点。据统计，2020-2024年高考英语新课标卷中，冠词相关题目每年每卷占比1-2题，是考生必须掌握的基础知识。本文将详细讲解序数词和冠词的用法要点，并结合高考真题进行分析，帮助考生掌握这一重要考点。

1. 定冠词 "the" 的使用

在英语中，序数词前通常需要加定冠词 "the"，用于表示具体的顺序或编号。例如：

• The first student to arrive was rewarded with a prize.
• He is the third person to climb that mountain.

2. 不定冠词 "a/an" 的使用

序数词前可用不定冠词 "a"，表达增加的概念，即“又一”或“再一”。例如：

• I need a second cup of coffee to stay awake.
• She is a third-year student at Harvard University.

3. 特殊情况（不加 "the"）

• 当序数词表示考试名次、日期、分数或作状语时，常省略 "the"。

  • She came second in the race. (比赛名次)
  • He will return on March third. (日期)

• 序数词前若有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰，也不加 "the"。

  • His second attempt was successful.
  • Mary's first novel was published last year.

让我们通过几道高考真题来进一步理解序数词和冠词的用法：

1. 2023年新课标Ⅰ卷
   The Lin family has a son and a daughter, Lin Ming and Lin Fang. Lin Ming is seven and Lin Fang is two years 1 _______ (young) than her brother. They study in different 2 _______ (school). One day, Mrs. Lin picked up Lin Ming and then they went to Lin Fang’s school together. Some boys and girls were playing 3 _______ (happy) on the playground. Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited 4 _______ his sister. Just then, the bell 5 _______ (ring). Several minutes later, many 6 _______ (child) walked out in a line. Lin Fang was the 7 _______ (five) one in it. When Lin Ming saw her, he couldn’t wait to run to her. “Fangfang,” Lin Ming 8 _______ (shout). Jumping with joy, L

   解析：第7空考查序数词的用法。根据句意“林芳是第五个出来的孩子”，应填入序数词“fifth”。这里不需要加定冠词“the”，因为序数词前有形容词性物主代词“her”修饰。

2. 2022年新课标Ⅱ卷
   In the early 1980s, China began to establish nature reserves to protect the habitat of the giant panda. The establishment of these reserves has played a crucial role in the conservation of the species. Today, there are more than 60 panda reserves in China, covering an area of about 3.4 million hectares. These reserves not only provide a safe haven for pandas, but also serve as important research sites for scientists studying the species.

   解析：虽然这段材料没有直接涉及序数词和冠词的用法，但通过阅读可以了解大熊猫国家公园的相关背景信息，有助于理解相关语境下的语言运用。

1. 序数词前的冠词使用：考生容易混淆定冠词和不定冠词的使用场景。记住，定冠词"the"用于特指，不定冠词"a"用于泛指或表示新增。

2. 特殊用法：当序数词表示名次、日期等时，可以省略定冠词"the"。例如：

   • He won first prize in the competition.
   • Her birthday is on July fourth.

3. 所有格修饰：当序数词前有所有格修饰时，不加定冠词"the"。例如：

   • This is my second time visiting Paris.
   • Her third novel was a bestseller.

1. 多做真题练习：通过大量练习高考真题，熟悉考点和题型。

2. 总结归纳：将序数词和冠词的用法整理成笔记，重点标注易错点。

3. 语境理解：在语篇中理解序数词和冠词的用法，而不仅仅是孤立地记忆规则。

4. 定期复习：基础知识需要反复巩固，定期复习有助于加深记忆。

1. This is _______ time I have visited this city.
   A. a first
   B. the first
   C. first
   D. the one

2. She is _______ woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics.
   A. a second
   B. the second
   C. second
   D. an second

3. My birthday is on June _______.
   A. the tenth
   B. tenth
   C. ten
   D. the ten

4. He is _______ student to arrive at the classroom.
   A. a first
   B. the first
   C. first
   D. an first

5. This is _______ time I have seen this movie.
   A. a second
   B. the second
   C. second
   D. an second

答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B

通过掌握序数词和冠词的基本用法，结合高考真题进行针对性练习，考生一定能在高考英语中取得好成绩。记住，理解语境是关键，只有在具体语境中才能准确判断冠词的使用。