精解雅思阅读段落标题配对题要点

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精解雅思阅读段落标题配对题要点

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在解答雅思阅读中的段落标题配对题时，很多考生习惯于通过阅读各个段落的首句、第二句或最后一句来寻找主题句。然而，在全面分析剑桥雅思全真试题集1-6中的所有相关题目后，发现这种做法并不总是有效。本文将从几个特殊段落的特点出发，结合具体实例，详细分析应对策略。

特殊性1：段落内容均为举例

策略：略读举例内容，大致了解举例目的（即论据部分所支持的观点），并将其与选项进行对照。与举例目的表达相同观点的选项即为正解。

例：The Dutch are not the only would-be moles. Growing numbers of Europeans are burrowing below ground to create houses, offices, discos and shopping malls; in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex compete with shops and even health clinics. In Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade, and underground shopping malls are already common in Japan.

分析：此段没有明显的主题句，而是通过列举欧洲、加拿大和东京的例子来说明世界各地正在开发多样化的地下服务设施。正确选项应为"Developing underground services around the world"。

特殊性2：段落本身有主题句，但正确选项并未根据主题句归纳

策略：继续阅读主题句后面的部分，即扩展句，正确选项往往是对扩展句具体涉及内容的概括。

例：There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A development of 194 houses which would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved. An underground dweller himself, Carpenter has never paid a heating bill.

分析：划线句子是主题句，但正确选项并未直接基于此句。继续阅读发现，后文通过具体数据说明了地下住宅节省土地和能源的优势。正确选项应为"Demands on space and energy are reduced"。

特殊性3：段落中涉及多个观点内容

策略：正确答案常常依据段落中所占篇幅较多或作者要强调的观点来归纳。

例：Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid distinguishing or threatening a beautiful or environmentally sensitive landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land - such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries - have no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows.

分析：此段包含两个不同观点，但"Indeed"表明作者更强调后者，即某些建筑不需要自然采光。正确选项应为"Some buildings do not require natural light"。

特殊性4：比较关系出现在句中

策略：忽略作为参照物的前者，后者才是作者真正要说明的观点。

例：Working Germans are particularly vulnerable, with a 33 percent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.

分析：通过"by comparison"可以看出，本段真正目的是说明失业人员在星期一患心脏病的风险并不比其他日子高。正确选项应为"Jobless but safer"。

特殊性5：转折、让步关系出现在句中

策略：忽略让步状语从句内容，重点关注转折部分，即"but"或"however"等表示转折关系的连接词后面的内容。

例：The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study coordinated by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2,600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.

分析："but"引导的转折部分表明研究发现普通人在星期一患心脏病的风险比其他日子高20%。正确选项应为"High-risk Monday"。

特殊性6：表达相同含义的词或短语相继出现在段落各句中

策略：寻找含有高频词汇的选项。

例：If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two-thirds of the world population will be without fresh water by 2025. While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of water in many other places is causing conflicts. The state of Texas in the United States of America is suffering a shortage of water. There is now talk of water being the new oil.

分析：本段多次提到水资源短缺的问题，相关词汇包括"without fresh water"、"scarcity of water"、"a shortage of water"等。正确选项应为"shortage of water"。