小猫都能懂的英语语法:一个英语句子的构成
小猫都能懂的英语语法:一个英语句子的构成
欢迎来到《小猫都能懂的英语语法》第二期!上期我们探讨了动词在英语句子中的重要性,本期我们将继续深入,看看除了动词,构成一个完整的英语句子还需要哪些关键成分。
基本结构:SVX
让我们从最基本的句子结构开始:
S + V(主 + 谓)
例:Birds fly.
S + V + O(主 + 谓 + 宾)
例:She eats an apple.
S + V + IO + DO(主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾)
例:He gave me a book.
S + V + Complement(主 + 系动 + 表语)
例:The sky is blue.
S + V + O + Complement(主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补)
例:We call him Tom.
修饰骨架
聪明的小猫可能会问,句子成分不是还有定语和状语吗?别急,这就给你解释:
定语
修饰名词,通常在主语或宾语前面:
- A red car is parked outside. —— “red”
- We saw a running dog. —— “running”
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词,甚至整句话:
- She runs quickly. —— “quickly” 修饰动词 “runs”
- The weather is extremely hot. —— “extremely” 修饰形容词 “hot”
- He drives quite slowly. —— “quite” 修饰副词 “slowly”
- Fortunately, we arrived on time. —— “fortunately” 修饰整个句子
多句组合
为什么有的英语句子那么长呢?因为确实可以几句话拼成一句……
并列句
从最简单的并列句开始讲,就是两句话通过连词连接在一起。连接词有 and, but, or, so, yet 等等:
- I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining.
- She studied hard, so she passed the exam.
- You can take the bus, or you can walk to the station.
注意咯,what because、although 都不是并列连词,它们引导的是复合句。
复合句
复合句就又是一个童年噩梦了,因为种类繁多,以前被一大堆 xx 从句整的头昏脑胀。不过后来搞清楚各种词性之后,可以理解为就是用一个从句代替某个词性担当的成分。所以从句的种类总的来说不外乎也就主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
举一些例子,例子中括号里的部分都是“从句”,用一个句子担当某个成分:
- I will call you (when I arrive home). —— when 引导的时间状语从句
- She is happy (because she passed the exam). —— because 引导的原因状语从句
- The book (that you lent me) is fascinating. —— that 引导的定语从句
- I know (that you are a good student). —— that 引导的宾语从句
- (What he said) is true. —— what 引导的主语从句
长句展示
来一句长句展示各种从句和复合句叠满的威力:
Although she, who has a part-time job, studies diligently every day, she often feels that if she doesn’t manage her time properly when exams approach, her grades might suffer and she has recently started creating detailed study schedules to balance her work shifts with exam preparation.
我们来抽象一下上面这句话,就是:
Although S, clause, V, S V clause and S V.
所以即使看上去句子超长,只要你把成分认清楚了,从抽象角度来看,英语语法就是这么简单😂。如果母语者不刻意给你写那些“富含哲理”或者“充满难词”或者“花式倒装”且两三行那么长的长难句,其实分析起来并不难,我觉得英语真正难的是记忆短语搭配,这根本不是小猫能记住的内容呀!🤯