初三英语语法中动词不定式的知识点总结
初三英语语法中动词不定式的知识点总结
动词不定式是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，尤其对于初三学生来说，掌握动词不定式的用法是提高英语水平的关键。本文将从定义、构成到具体用法进行全面总结，帮助学生更好地理解和运用这一知识点。
一. 定义：
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 动词不定式的构成：
to+动词原形
三. 动词不定式作宾语
后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
- We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
- The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)
- 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：
remember to do 记住要做某事
remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before.
我我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
离开时请记得关好灯。
- 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
- He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
他发现很难入睡。
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
- 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
- The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。
- I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。
- We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。
- 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
- Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。
- I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。
感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束;后者表示动作正在进行。
- I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。(说明他下楼了这件事)
- I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。(说明他下楼时的情景)
五. 动词不定式作状语
- Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他离开家到不同的城市工作。
- He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比赛了。
- In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
为了赶上其他同学，我必须努力学习。
六. 动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语一般放在所修饰的词的后面。
- I need something to eat.
- Do you have something to read?
- Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
- He is really a fool only to eat.
- The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
- The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意：
(1)作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成，被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词。
- I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间住房。(方位关系)
- We have many things to do experiments with.
我们有许多做实验的东西(方式关系)
(2)作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语。
- Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.
- We have done many things to proud of. 我们做了许多引以自豪的事。
七. 动词不定式作主语
- To give is better than to receive.
- To reach there on foot is impossible.
动词不定式作主语时，可以用it 代替，把实际主语不定式放在后面。
It’s better to give than to receive.
It’s impossible to reach there on foot.
It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It’s not difficult for me to study English well.
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在这个句型中，如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切，并且形容词用来说明逻辑主语的性质、品质、特点等，由of引出逻辑主语。这类形容词主要有nice,kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when连用，构成不定式短语，可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
- How to do is still a question.
- Have you decided when to leave?