阿拉伯板块古生代岩相古地理及其对油气富集的控制作用
阿拉伯板块古生代岩相古地理及其对油气富集的控制作用
阿拉伯板块是全球重要的油气产区,其古生代岩相古地理特征对油气富集具有重要控制作用。本文通过研究阿拉伯板块寒武纪至二叠纪的岩相古地理特征,揭示了油气富集规律,为中国石油勘探开发提供了重要参考。
中东阿拉伯板块自寒武纪以来为一个构造相对稳定的块体,油气储量占全球重要地位。近年来,深部古生界储层成为油气勘探新发现的主要层系。本文通过调研中东区域地质、含油气盆地地质资料,结合油气藏层位及分布特征,编制阿拉伯板块寒武纪、奥陶纪、志留纪、泥盆纪、早二叠世、晚二叠世等6个地质时期的岩相古地理图,并分析对油气富集特征的控制作用。
研究结果表明:
- 寒武纪-志留纪,阿拉伯板块整体以陆相-浅海相沉积环境为主,早志留世的快速海侵形成热页岩,为古生界油气生成提供了雄厚的物质基础;
- 泥盆纪-石炭纪,海西构造事件造成抬升剥蚀,使志留纪烃源岩能够发生垂向/侧向运移至二叠系储层;
- 早二叠世以碎屑岩沉积为主,晚二叠世为海相和局限海沉积环境,形成了以碳酸盐岩储层和蒸发盐岩盖层为主的优质储盖组合;
- 已发现油气藏主要分布在寒武系-志留系陆相碎屑岩、下二叠统陆相-海陆过渡相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩以及上二叠统海相碳酸盐岩储层中,上二叠统碳酸盐岩为最重要的储层,志留系热页岩广泛分布、基底继承性构造和前寒武系盐穹隆为古生界油气运聚提供了有利条件。
图 1
中东地区区域构造简图(据;Ziegler, 2001;Bahroudi and Talbot, 2003修改)
Figure 1.
Regional geological map of Middle East (modified after;Ziegler, 2001;Bahroudi and Talbot, 2003)
图 2
中阿拉伯盆地SW-NE向地质剖面图(据修改,油气藏数据来自IHS, 2022)
Figure 2.
SW-NE cross section of the central Arabian basin (modified after; Reservoir data fromIHS, 2022)
图 3
中东地区油气田分布图(油气田数据来自IHS, 2022)
Figure 3.
Oil and gas field location map in Middle East (Field data fromIHS, 2022)
图 4
阿拉伯板块含油气盆地古生界地层柱状图(据Alsharhan, 2014;修改)
Figure 4.
Paleozoic lithostratigraphy of the petroleum-bearing basins in the Arabian Plate (modified afterAlsharhan, 2014;)
图 5
中东地区晚寒武世岩相古地理及油气田分布图(据;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022修改)
Figure 5.
Middle East lithofacies paleogeography and field distribution in Late Cambrian (modified after;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022)
图 6
中东地区中奥陶世岩相古地理及油气田分布图(据;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022修改)
Figure 6.
Middle East lithofacies paleogeography and field distribution in Middle Ordovician (modified after;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022)
图 7
中东地区早志留世岩相古地理及油气田分布图(据;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022修改)
Figure 7.
Middle East lithofacies paleogeography and field distribution in Early Silurian (modified after;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022)
图 8
中东地区早泥盆世岩相古地理及油气田分布图(据;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022修改)
Figure 8.
Middle East lithofacies paleogeography and field distribution in Early Devonian (modified after;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022)
图 9
中东地区早二叠世岩相古地理及油气田分布图(据;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022修改)
Figure 9.
Middle East lithofacies paleogeography and field distribution in Early Permian (modified after;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022)
图 10
中东地区晚二叠世岩相古地理及油气田分布图(据;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022修改)
Figure 10.
Middle East lithofacies paleogeography and field distribution in Late Permian (modified after;Ziegler, 2001;Alsharhan and Kendall, 2021;IHS, 2022)