2024年V4版《NCCN结肠癌临床实践指南》更新解读
2024年V4版《NCCN结肠癌临床实践指南》更新解读
2024年V4版《NCCN结肠癌临床实践指南》对结肠癌全身疗法病理检测、放化疗剂量、转移性结肠癌治疗和管理进行了重要更新。首先,指南强调了基因组检测在转移性结肠癌全身治疗中的重要性。其次,修改了局部进展期结肠癌放化疗剂量与靶向治疗靶点。最后,新增转移性结肠癌二线治疗新药瑞普替尼,为神经营养酪氨酸受体激酶(NTRK)基因融合阳性患者提供新的选择。在患者管理方面,强调了全科医学对患者生活质量和心理支持的重要性。本文通过对以上内容进行解读,期待为结肠癌诊断、治疗及预后提供参考,确保患者及时得到专科治疗,为结肠癌精准化治疗提供借鉴。
全身疗法生物标志物
表1总结了结肠癌全身疗法相关的生物标志物及其临床意义:
标志物 | 发生率 | 意义 |
---|---|---|
MSI/MMR | 总体发生率约为15%,在晚期结直肠癌中约占5% | MSI-H/dMMR结肠癌患者对免疫检查点抑制剂(如PD-1抑制剂)反应较好,特别是在转移性结肠癌的治疗中,通常对5-FU为基础的常规化疗方案反应较差,因此需要个体化的治疗方案 |
HER-2 | 总体发生率约为5% | HER-2阳性结肠癌患者可接受特定HER-2靶向治疗,如抗HER-2的单克隆抗体(例如德曲妥珠单抗)和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 |
BRAF | 总体发生率为8% | BRAF突变患者采用BRAF抑制剂靶向治疗。在转移性结肠癌中,组合疗法(如BRAF抑制剂与MEK抑制剂联合)显示出更好的疗效BRAF V600E突变患者采用BRAF抑制剂与抗EGFR药物(如西妥昔单抗)和MEK抑制剂(如曲美替尼)联合使用效果更好 |
POLE/POLD1 | POLE突变发生率为1% | POLE/POLD1突变的结肠癌患者可能对免疫检查点抑制剂有更好的反应,通常预后较好 |
NTRK | 总体发生率一般在1%以下 | 对于NTRK基因融合阳性的患者,使用TRK抑制剂治疗可改善预后,提高生活质量和生存率 |
结肠癌治疗策略
图1展示了结肠癌的治疗策略:
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