OpenWrt的两种模式：桥接模式与路由模式

OpenWrt的两种模式：桥接模式与路由模式

OpenWrt是一种基于Linux的开源路由器固件，支持多种网络设备。它提供了两种主要的工作模式：桥接模式和路由模式。本文将详细介绍这两种模式的特点和配置方法，重点讲解桥接模式的实现方式。

桥接模式（Bridged AP Mode）

在桥接模式下，OpenWrt设备作为桥接器使用，连接到OpenWrt的无线设备将由192.168.1.0网段中的主路由器分配IP地址。这意味着该网段中的所有设备都可以互相通信。

OpenWrt设备的桥接配置方式

以下是具体的配置代码示例：

root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/network  
config interface 'loopback'  
option ifname 'lo'  
option proto 'static'  
option ipaddr '127.0.0.1'  
option netmask '255.0.0.0'  

config interface 'lan'  
option ifname 'eth0'  
option type 'bridge'  
option proto 'static'  
option ipaddr '192.168.1.129'  
option netmask '255.255.255.0'  
option gateway '192.168.1.1'  
option dns '202.101.172.46'  

root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/wireless  
config wifi-device radio0  
option type mac80211  
option channel 11  
option hwmode 11ng  
option path 'platform/ar933x_wmac'  
option htmode HT20  
list ht_capab SHORT-GI-20  
list ht_capab SHORT-GI-40  
list ht_capab RX-STBC1  
list ht_capab DSSS_CCK-40  
# REMOVE THIS LINE TO ENABLE WIFI:  
# option disabled 1  

config wifi-iface  
option device radio0  
option network lan  
option mode ap  
option ssid OpenWrt  
option encryption none  

root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/config/firewall  
config defaults  
option syn_flood 1  
option input ACCEPT  
option output ACCEPT  
option forward REJECT  
# Uncomment this line to disable ipv6 rules  
# option disable_ipv6 1  

config zone  
option name lan  
option network 'lan'  
option input ACCEPT  
option output ACCEPT  
option forward REJECT  

config zone  
option name wan  
option network 'wan'  
option input REJECT  
option output ACCEPT  
option forward REJECT  
option masq 1  
option mtu_fix 1  

config forwarding  
option src lan  
option dest wan  

# We need to accept udp packets on port 68,  
# see https://dev.openwrt.org/ticket/4108  
config rule  
option name Allow-DHCP-Renew  
option src wan  
option proto udp  
option dest_port 68  
option target ACCEPT  
option family ipv4  

# Allow IPv4 ping  
config rule  
option name Allow-Ping  
option src wan  
option proto icmp  
option icmp_type echo-request  
option family ipv4  
option target ACCEPT  

# Allow DHCPv6 replies  
# see https://dev.openwrt.org/ticket/10381  
config rule  
option name Allow-DHCPv6  
option src wan  
option proto udp  
option src_ip fe80::/10  
option src_port 547  
option dest_ip fe80::/10  
option dest_port 546  
option family ipv6  
option target ACCEPT  

# Allow essential incoming IPv6 ICMP traffic  
config rule  
option name Allow-ICMPv6-Input  
option src wan  
option proto icmp  
list icmp_type echo-request  
list icmp_type echo-reply  
list icmp_type destination-unreachable  
list icmp_type packet-too-big  
list icmp_type time-exceeded  
list icmp_type bad-header  
list icmp_type unknown-header-type  
list icmp_type router-solicitation  
list icmp_type neighbour-solicitation  
list icmp_type router-advertisement  
list icmp_type neighbour-advertisement  
option limit 1000/sec  
option family ipv6  
option target ACCEPT  

# Allow essential forwarded IPv6 ICMP traffic  
config rule  
option name Allow-ICMPv6-Forward  
option src wan  
option dest *  
option proto icmp  
list icmp_type echo-request  
list icmp_type echo-reply  
list icmp_type destination-unreachable  

以上配置展示了如何在OpenWrt设备上设置桥接模式，包括网络接口、无线设置和防火墙规则的详细配置。通过这些配置，可以确保设备正确地工作在桥接模式下，实现与其他设备的互连互通。