英语学习者必知:be supposed to的正确用法
英语学习者必知:be supposed to的正确用法
在英语学习中,"be supposed to"是一个让很多学习者感到困惑的短语。它既不像"must"那样表示强烈的必须性,也不像"should"那样表示简单的建议。那么,"be supposed to"到底该如何正确使用呢?本文将为你详细解析这个短语的用法,并通过丰富的例句帮助你掌握它。
基本用法
"Be supposed to"是一个表示义务、期望或意图的短语。它通常用于表达在特定情况下被认为是正常、习惯或必需的行为。虽然它的主要功能是表示职责或责任,但也可以传达假设或对可能发生的事情的预期。
结构
这个短语的结构很简单:
subject + Be verb + supposed to + base form of the main verb
表示义务
当"be supposed to"表示义务时,它传达的是一种应该遵守的责任或要求。例如:
- I am supposed to submit my report tomorrow morning.
(我应该在明天早上提交报告。)
这里表示的是一个职责或要求,但不像"must"那样强烈。如果用"must",可能意味着不遵守会有严重的后果,而"am supposed to"则暗示后果可能较轻。
表示期望
当"be supposed to"表示期望时,它传达的是对某个事件或行为的预期。例如:
- It is supposed to rain tomorrow.
(据说明天会下雨。)
这个句子表示说话者根据天气预报或其他信息来源,预期明天会下雨。
表示意图
当"be supposed to"表示意图时,它通常指的是计划或打算进行的行动。例如:
- My aunt and uncle are supposed to visit us this summer.
(我阿姨和叔叔打算今年夏天来看我们。)
这个句子表明说话者的阿姨和叔叔有来访的计划。
重复传闻
"Be supposed to"还可以用来转述别人的话或传闻。例如:
- The Yellow Umbrella Cafe is supposed to have the best pizza in town.
(据说Yellow Umbrella Cafe有镇上最好的披萨。)
这个句子表示说话者是从别人那里听说的,自己并没有亲自验证。
时态变化
"Be supposed to"在简单现在时和简单过去时中的用法有所不同。
简单现在时
在简单现在时中,"be supposed to"用于描述当前的义务、期望或意图。例如:
- You are supposed to wear a helmet when riding a motorcycle.
(骑摩托车时你应该戴头盔。)
简单过去时
在简单过去时中,"be supposed to"用于描述过去的义务、期望或意图。例如:
- She was supposed to call me yesterday, but I didn't hear from her.
(她本应该昨天给我打电话,但我没有收到她的消息。)
这里表示的是一个未实现的期望。
常见错误
学习者在使用"be supposed to"时容易犯的一个错误是在写作中省略"supposed to"中的"d"。这是因为口语中"supposed to"和"suppose to"发音相似,容易混淆。例如:
- 错误:He's suppose to make us respect our city's Finest.
- 正确:He's supposed to make us respect our city's Finest.
与"should"的区别
虽然"be supposed to"和"should"都有"应该"的意思,但它们的用法和语气有所不同:
- "Be supposed to"通常表示外部强加的规则或期望,如社会规范、规定或他人的期望。
- "Should"更多表示个人建议或主观看法。
例如:
- You are supposed to wear a uniform at work.(工作时你应该穿制服。)- 这是一个规定。
- You should wear a jacket, it's cold outside.(你应该穿件夹克,外面很冷。)- 这是一个建议。
通过以上解释和例句,相信你对"be supposed to"的用法有了更清晰的理解。为了巩固知识,下面是一些练习题:
练习题
I __________ finish my homework before going out.
a) am supposed to
b) should
c) mustIt __________ snow tomorrow according to the weather forecast.
a) is supposed to
b) will
c) shouldThey __________ arrive at 7 PM, but they were an hour late.
a) were supposed to
b) should
c) had toYou __________ bring your ID card to the exam.
a) are supposed to
b) must
c) shouldShe __________ be here by now, but her flight was delayed.
a) was supposed to
b) should
c) must
答案:1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a
通过这些练习,你可以更好地掌握"be supposed to"的用法。记住,多练习是掌握任何语言点的关键!