that和which的用法区别

that和which的用法区别

相同点

这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物，在从句中都可作主语或宾语，作宾语时都可省略。如：

• The train that (which) has just left is for Shanghai． ( 作主语 )
  刚开的那列火车是去上海的。

• The film that (which) we saw last night is wonderful． ( 作宾语，可省略 )
  我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。

不同点

以下情况常用 that，一般不用 which。

(1) 当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。如：

• Is there anything that I can do for you？
  有什么要我做的事吗？

• All that can be done must be done．
  凡能做的事情都必须做。

• He answered few questions that the teacher asked．
  他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。

(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。如：

• This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store．
  这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。

• The first thing that should be done is to get some food．
  该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

(3) 当先行词有 the very，the only，the same 等修饰时。如：

• That's the only thing that we can do now．
  目前我们只能这样了。

• Those are the very words that he used．
  那就是他的原话。

(4) 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。如：

• They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory．
  他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。

(5) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：

• China is not the country that it was．
  中国已经不是过去的中国了。

(6) 当要避免与疑问词 which 重复时。如：

• Which is the car that was made in Beijing？
  哪辆车是北京制造的？

以下情况用 which，不用 that。

(1) 引导非限制性定语从句。如：

• Football，which is an interesting game，is played all over the world．
  全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。

(2) 直接放在介词后作宾语时。如：

• Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other．
  语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。