英语中的say, tell, speak, talk都是“说”，有什么区别？

英语中的say, tell, speak, talk都是“说”，有什么区别？

在英语中，"say"、"tell"、"speak"和"talk"都是表示"说"的常用词，但它们的用法却各不相同。本文将详细解释这四个词的主要用法和区别，并列举一些常见的惯用搭配。

say的用法

say强调说话的内容，通常不直接跟"某人"作宾语。

1. 直接引语：直接引用说话内容时，say后面不需要跟"某人"作宾语。

• 'I’m tired,' she said. '我累了。'她说。
• Anna said that she was tired. 安娜说她累了。

2. 间接引语：如果要表达"对谁说"，say后面必须加to。

• Anna said to me that she was tired. 安娜对我说她累了。
• She said nothing to me about it. 她对我什么也没说。

tell的用法

tell侧重信息的传达，由一方传给另一方，后面必须跟名词或代词作宾语。

1. 告诉某人某事："tell somebody something"

• Anna told me that she was tired. 安娜对我说她累了。

2. 告诉某物给某人："tell something to somebody"

• He told the news to his mother. 他把这个消息告诉了他母亲。
• =He told his mother the news.

注意：say和tell有时可以互换使用，但需要注意各自的用法。

speak的用法

speak着重讲话这一动作本身，既可指系统的发言、演讲，又可指简单的开口发音；讲某种语言，也用speak。

1. 开口发音：The baby is learning to speak. 那个婴儿在学说话。
2. 发言演讲：Tom will speak at the conference. 汤姆将在会上发言。
3. 讲某种语言：Do you speak English? 你会说英语吗？

如果要表达"和谁讲话、提到什么事"，speak后面必须有副词或介词，再跟"某人"或"某物"。

• 'speak to/with somebody'：和谁讲话
• 'speak of/about something'：提起，谈起

I spoke to her last Wednesday. 我上星期三和她谈过。
Can I speak with you for a minute? 我能和你谈谈吗？

speak to是单向的对话，一人说，一人听；
speak with是双向的对话，友好而愉快，参与者都听都说。

talk的用法

talk用在更轻松的对话场景，侧重说话人相互间的交谈。

talk后面必须有副词或介词，再跟"某人"或"某物"。

• 'talk to/with somebody'：和谁交谈
• 'talk of/about something'：谈论某事

I’ll talk to you later. 待会再聊。
We talked about our favorite movies. 我们谈论了我们最喜欢的电影。

talk和speak有时可以互换使用，但speak更正式，talk更轻松随意一些。

• I need to speak to you. 我得跟你谈谈。
• I need to talk to you. 我得跟你聊聊。

常见的惯用搭配

• say hello：打招呼
• say goodbye：告别
• tell a story/ tell stories：讲故事
• tell a lie/ tell lies：说谎
• tell the truth：说真话，讲实话
• speak highly of somebody：称赞某人
• generally speaking：总的来说
• English-speaking countries：说英语的国家
• talk nonsense：胡说；说无意义的话
• talk show：访谈节目，脱口秀

练一练

1. He learns a new word. He can _____ it in English.
   A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk

2. He can _____ English.
   A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk

3. I would like to _____ a story.
   A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk

4. He likes to _____ me about his feelings.
   A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk

5. She _____ to her mother on the phone every week.
   A. says B. speaks C. tells D. talks

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