平定砂器：山西传统工艺的瑰宝
平定砂器：山西传统工艺的瑰宝
平定砂器是山西传统手工艺制品，以其独特的制作工艺和悠久的历史传承而闻名。从唐代的皇室贡品到现代的产业创新，平定砂器承载着丰富的文化内涵和历史价值。本文将从地理标志、产品特色、人文历史、产地环境和产业发展等多个维度，为您全面介绍这一传统工艺瑰宝。
地理标志产品 平定砂器
Product of geographical indication
Pingding Sand Ware
产品名称：平定砂器
地理标志保护产品公告号：国家质量监督检验检疫总局2017年第98号
Product Name:Pingding Sand Ware
Publication Number of Geographical Indication Protection Product:General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China in 2017 No.98
产品特色
平定砂器是山西传统手工艺制品，砂器作坊曾遍布平定境内及周边很多村子；原材料是采用当地特有的优质粘土，经选土、筛土、制泥、成型、装饰、烘干、窑烧、熏制等多道工序烧制而成。因其表面光闪晶亮，又有“烧饭不变色、煎药不变性、炖肉不变味、煮水无水垢”四大特点和耐酸、耐碱、透气性好三大优良性能及美观实用，几百年来，一直以地方特产闻名遐迩。
人文历史
平定县历史悠久、积淀深厚，是“文献名邦”和“中国砂器之城”。
平定县砂器制作，可上溯至两千余年前；近代有秦代砂鼎、砂灯盏等出土。
据文献记载：平定白瓷早在唐代即为皇室贡品，砂器则是当地主要手工业产品和民间日用品；宋代时，130座宋窑中平定窑赫然在列，属定窑系列，称“西窑”；明清时期，特别是清代平定砂器已闻名遐迩，与宜兴紫砂陶、广东砂煲齐名，史称“三鼎甲”，畅销京津冀鲁内蒙古等地；1962年，平定砂器在全国手工业会议和北京轻工业展览会上引起社会广泛关注；1991年后逐步走向鼎盛，原规模较小的手工作坊多数被淘汰，新建了多个生产规模大、科技含量高的民营企业。
Origin environment
Pingding County has a long history and profound accumulation, and is known as a "literary city" and "the city of Chinese sand ware".
The production of sand wares in Pingding County can be traced back more than two thousand years ago; In modern times, sand cauldron and sand lanterns from the Qin Dynasty have been unearthed.
According to literature records, Pingding white porcelain was a tribute to the imperial family as early as the Tang Dynasty, while sand ware was the main handicraft product and daily necessities of the local people; During the Song Dynasty, among the 130 Song kilns, the Pingding kiln was prominently listed and belonged to the Ding kiln series, known as the "West Kiln"; During the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially in the Qing dynasty, Pingding sand ware was well-known, on par with Yixing purple clay pottery and Guangdong sand pot, known as the "Three Ding Jia" in history, and sold well in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and other places; In 1962, Pingding sand ware attracted widespread attention from society at the National Handicraft Conference and the Beijing Light Industry Exhibition; After 1991, it gradually reached its peak,withmost of the smaller handicraft workshops being eliminated and multiple private enterprises with large production scales and high technological content being established.
产地环境
平定县四周群山环绕，海拔均在千米以上；由于长期流水切割，沟壑纵横，地形极为破碎；境内山地居多，占总面积60%左右，丘陵次之，仅在县城附近有小块平川；县内气温年均10.5度，最低零下21.8度，最高39度，年降雨量为550毫米，霜冻期为10月下旬至次年四月下旬，无霜期165天。
全县现有耕地47万亩，林木覆盖面积16.5万亩；矿藏主要有煤、铁、硫磺、瓷土、耐火粘土、石膏等，其中煤运藏量最大，有悠久的开采历史；工业生产有电力、采煤、练磺、耐火材料、陶瓷和具有千年历史的砂锅、砂罐、铁货等。
保护范围：平定县全县区域。
Industry Development
In recent years, Pingding County has focused on supporting the sand ware, pottery, and purple sand industries as transformational, prosperous, and potential industries based on its resource advantages and transformation needs.
The Pingding County Party Committee proposed the task deployment of "adhering to one train of thought, creating two favorable environments, and fighting five tough battles", insisting on making the construction of a sand industry cluster one of the five tough battles, and promoting the scale and cluster development of the purple sand industry in the entire county, including the goal of creating the "Chinese Ceramic and Sand Capital", becoming a national sand and ceramic industry base, a demonstration area for sand and ceramic cultural protection and inheritance, and a leading area for innovative development of the sand and ceramic industry; The construction of specialized towns in the sand and pottery industry should introduce industrial thinking, focus on clustering and intensification, and strive to expand their scale; To optimize the three major parks of "Sand Ware Culture Demonstration Park", "Songjiazhuang Ceramic Industry Industrial Park", and "Sand Ware Industry Incubation Park"; Consolidate the three major platforms of "E-commerce Logistics Platform", "Purple Sand Storage Center", and "Functional Purple Sand R&D Center"; Create three major clusters of “cultural ceramics”, “life ceramics”, and “industrial ceramics”.