"foul"单词详解：含义、词源与用法

创作时间:

作者:

@小白创作中心

"foul"单词详解：含义、词源与用法

引用

来源

https://m.3325.cn/dict/foul/

本文详细介绍了英语单词"foul"的多种用法和词源，通过丰富的例句和助记提示，帮助读者全面掌握这个单词的使用场景和含义。

foul

英 [faʊl] 美 [faʊl]

adj. 犯规的；邪恶的；污秽的；淤塞的
vt. 犯规；弄脏；淤塞；缠住，妨害
vi. 犯规；腐烂；缠结
n. 犯规；缠绕
adv. 违反规则地，不正当地

助记提示

broad 宽广的 breadth 宽度
deep 深的 depth 深度
full 满的 fill 装满
foul 脏的 filth 脏东西
hale 强壮的 heal 治愈
high 高的 height 高度
hot 热的 heat 热
long 长的 length 长度
proud �誇傲的 pride 骄傲
strong 强壮的,有力的 strength 强度,力

谐音“犯哦，否哦”----犯规了哦，你犯了规，裁判吹哨子，对你的行为表示否定、不认可。
filth => foul.

中文词源

foul 恶臭的
来自PIE*pu, 腐烂，发臭，词源同pus, putrid. 可能来自人们闻到臭味时发出的声音。

英文词源

foul
foul:[OE] The underlying meaning offoulis probably ‘rotten, putrid’, with overtones of ‘evilsmelling’. It goes back to an Indo-European *pu-, which may originally have been inspired by the same reaction as produced the English exclamation of disgust at a bad smell,pooh. Amongst its other off-spring were Latinpūs, source of Englishpus,purulent, andsupurate, and Latinputridus, source of Englishputrid.

Its Germanic descendant was *fu-, on which the adjective *fūlazwas based. This produced Germanfaul‘rotten, lazy’, Dutchvuil‘dirty’, and Englishfoul, and also the derived nounfilth[OE].Defile‘make dirty’ is not directly related, but its form was influenced by the now obsolete verbbefile, which was connected withfoul.

=> filth, pus, putrid, suppurate

foul (adj.)
Old Englishful"rotten, unclean, vile, corrupt, offensive to the senses," from Proto-Germanicfulaz(cognates: Old Saxon and Old Frisianful, Middle Dutchvoul, Dutchvuil, Old High Germanfül, Germanfaul, Gothicfüls), from PIEpu-(2) "to rot, decay," perhaps from the sound made in reaction to smelling something bad (see pus).

Old Englishfuloccasionally meant "ugly" (as contrasted withfæger(adj.), modern fair (adj.)), and this sense became frequent in Middle English. The cognate in Swedish is the usual word for "ugly." Of weather from mid-14c. In the sporting sense of "irregular, unfair, contrary to established rule or practice" it is first attested 1797, thoughfoul playis recorded from mid-15c. Baseball sense of "out of play" attested by 1860.

foul (v.)
Old Englishfulian"to become foul, rot, decay," fromful(see foul (adj.)). Transitive meaning "make foul, pollute" is from c. 1200. Meaning "become entangled" (chiefly nautical) is from 1832, probably fromfoul(adj.) in the sense "obstructed by anything fixed or attached" (late 15c.). "A term generally used in contrast toclear, and implies entangled, embarrassed or contrary to: e.g.to foul the helm, to find steerage impracticable owing to the rudder becoming entangled with rope or other gear" [Sir Geoffrey Callender, "Sea Passages," 1943]. Related:Fouled;fouling. Hence alsofoul anchor(1769), one with the slack of the cable twisted round the stock or a fluke; noted by 1832 as naval insignia.