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英语词性--数词

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英语词性--数词

引用
CSDN
1.
https://blog.csdn.net/flytalei/article/details/146231255

英语数词是表示数量或顺序的词类,包括基数词和序数词两大类。本文将详细介绍数词的概念、分类、用法以及基数词转化为序数词的规律,并通过具体例句帮助读者更好地理解和掌握相关内容。

数词概念

数词(Numerals)是英语中用于表示数量(基数)或顺序(序数)的词类,通常用于描述数字、计数、顺序等。

例如:

  • 基数词(Cardinal numbers):one, two, three, four…
  • 序数词(Ordinal numbers):first, second, third, fourth…

数词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等,常用于数学、时间、日期、顺序、数量等场景。

数词分词

�ase

基数词表述数量,如:one, two, three, four…

用法

  1. 表示确切的数量
  • There are five apples on the table.(桌子上有五个苹果)
  • I have two sisters.(我有两个姐姐)
  1. 作主语、宾语或表语
  • Three of them are absent.(他们之中有三个缺席。)
  • She has one dog and two cats.(她有一只狗和两只猫。)
  1. 用于年、日期、电话号码
  • He was born in 1995.(他出生于1995年。)
  • Call me at 555-1234.(请拨打555-1234联系我。)
  1. 大数的表达
  • Hundred(100)、Thousand(1,000)、Million(1,000,000):
  • There are three hundred students in the school.(学校里有三百名学生。)
  • He has saved two million dollars.(他存了两百万美元。)

序数词

序数词表示顺序,如:first, second, third, fourth…

用法

  1. 表示顺序
  • He won first prize in the competition.(他获得了比赛的第一名。)
  • My birthday is on the twelfth of July.(我的生日是7月12日。)
  1. 用于日期
  • July 4th is Independence Day in the US.(7月4日是美国独立日。)
  • Today is the first of September.(今天是9月1日。)
  1. 用于分数
  • One-third of the students are absent.(三分之一的学生缺席了。)
  1. 用于国王、教皇、皇帝的名称
  • Queen Elizabeth II (the second)(伊丽莎白二世)
  • Louis XIV (the fourteenth)(路易十四世)
  1. 与“the”搭配
  • He was the third to arrive.(他是第三个到达的。)

基数与序数词的区别

基数词(Cardinal)
序数词(Ordinal)
表示数量
表示顺序
one, two, three…
first, second, third…
I have three books.
This is the third book.

基变序的规律

  1. 大部分序数词加 “-th”
  • four → fourth
  • six → sixth
  • ten → tenth
  1. 特殊变化
  • one → first
  • two → second
  • three → third
  • five → fifth(去掉 “e”)
  • nine → ninth(去掉 “e”)
  • twelve → twelfth(去掉 “ve” + “f”)
  1. 以 “y” 结尾的,变 “y” 为 “ieth”
  • twenty → twentieth
  • thirty → thirtieth

常用基数词序数词中英对照表

基数词(Cardinal)
序数词(Ordinal)
0 - zero
0th - zeroth(极少用)
1 - one
1st - first
2 - two
2nd - second
3 - three
3rd - third
4 - four
4th - fourth
5 - five
5th - fifth
6 - six
6th - sixth
7 - seven
7th - seventh
8 - eight
8th - eighth
9 - nine
9th - ninth
10 - ten
10th - tenth
11 - eleven
11th - eleventh
12 - twelve
12th - twelfth
13 - thirteen
13th - thirteenth
14 - fourteen
14th - fourteenth
15 - fifteen
15th - fifteenth
16 - sixteen
16th - sixteenth
17 - seventeen
17th - seventeenth
18 - eighteen
18th - eighteenth
19 - nineteen
19th - nineteenth
20 - twenty
20th - twentieth
21 - twenty-one
21st - twenty-first
22 - twenty-two
22nd - twenty-second
23 - twenty-three
23rd - twenty-third
24 - twenty-four
24th - twenty-fourth
25 - twenty-five
25th - twenty-fifth
30 - thirty
30th - thirtieth
40 - forty
40th - fortieth
50 - fifty
50th - fiftieth
60 - sixty
60th - sixtieth
70 - seventy
70th - seventieth
80 - eighty
80th - eightieth
90 - ninety
90th - ninetieth
100 - one hundred
100th - hundredth
101 - one hundred and one
101st - hundred and first
200 - two hundred
200th - two hundredth
1,000 - one thousand
1,000th - one thousandth
10,000 - ten thousand
10,000th - ten thousandth
100,000 - one hundred thousand
100,000th - one hundred thousandth
1,000,000 - one million
1,000,000th - one millionth
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