初中英语语法点详解汇编:英语特殊句式之There be句型
初中英语语法点详解汇编:英语特殊句式之There be句型
初中英语语法,是初中英语中一个重要的板块。熟练的掌握这些语法知识,对于我们英语能力的整体提高,会有更好的帮助。那么具体的初中英语语法知识都包含了哪些呢?下面小编为大家整理了“初中英语语法点详解汇编:英语特殊句式之There be句型”,供大家进行参考学习。
There be 句型基本认识
- 定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
- 结构:
- There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
- There are +复数名词+地点状语.
注意事项:
- there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。
- 句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。
- 当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
示例:
- There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
- There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
- There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
There be 句型考点
考点一:各种句型转化
变成否定:There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。
示例:
- There are some pictures on the wall. → There aren't any pictures on the wall. = There are no pictures on the wall.
- There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. = There is no bike behind the tree.
变成一般疑问句:There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。
示例:
- There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
- There are some fish in the water. → Are there any fish in the water?
特殊疑问句
- 对主语提问:当主语是人的时候,则用who引导,当主语是物的时候,则用what引导。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
示例:- There are many things over there. → What's over there?
- There is a little girl in the room. → Who is in the room?
- 对地点状语提问:则用where 引导。
示例:- There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
- There are four children on the playground. → Where are the four children?
- 对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:
- How many +复数名词+are there+介词短语?
- How much +不可数名词+is there+介词短语?
考点二:there be 句型的时态
be可以有现在时(there is/are)、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)、完成时(there have/has been)。还可用there must be, there can’t be, there used to be等。
示例:
-- There ___ a concert this evening. -- Yeah. Exciting news!
A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will have
答案:B
考点三:there be 句型的反意疑问句的构成
be (not) there?
示例:
There is some milk in the bottle, ____?
A. isn't there B. aren't there C. isn't it D. are there
答案:A
考点四:there be 句型的主谓一致
There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。
示例:
- There ___ any rice in the bowl.
A. are B. is C. isn’t D. aren’t - There ___ many apples on the tree last year.
A. have been B. were C. are D. is
考点五:there be 句型用的其他动词
there be 句型中有时不用动词be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be , happen to be ,等。
示例:
There ____ a knife and a fork on the table. (2007黄冈)
A. seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to be D. are
剖析:根据就近原则,首先排除B、D,而 there be 句型中有时不用动词be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be等,所以答案应从A、C中选。感官动词一般不用进行时,故C也不正确。
There be 句型与其他句型的区别
- There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。
示例:
- He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
- There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
- 当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。
示例:
- A week has seven days. = There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
There be 句型其他用法
- There be后接表示物的主语时,后面常接不定式作定语,不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。
示例:
- There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做(工作被做)。
- There be后接表示人或动物的主语时,后面长接V-ing形式作定语。
示例:
- There are some children playing downstairs. 几个孩子在楼下玩呢。
- 与其他词连用,构成复合谓语。
示例:
- There may be a heavy rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有一场大雨。
- There used to be a cinema here before the war. 战前这里有一个电影院。
- There happened to be a man walking by. 恰好有一个人从旁经过。
- There be结构中的be根据所表达的句意需要,可用live, stand, remain等代替。
示例:
- There seems[appears] something the matter with her. 她好像是出了什么事似的。
- There existed different opinions on this issue. 对这个问题曾有不同看法。
- There remained just twenty-eight pounds. 只剩28英镑了。
- There be结构的反意疑问句应与there be对应,而不是依据主语。
示例:
- There is a radio on the table, isn’t there? 桌上有台收音机,是吗?
- There aren’t any fish in the river, are there? 河里没有鱼,是吧?
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