血液透析：尿毒症患者的生命新开始
血液透析：尿毒症患者的生命新开始
血液透析是尿毒症患者维持生命的重要治疗方式。本文将详细介绍血液透析的基本原理、适应证、操作过程、注意事项和日常管理等方面的内容，帮助患者更好地了解和应对疾病。
一、什么是血液透析及其适应证和治疗通路？
治疗尿毒症的手段主要有肾脏移植和血液透析以及腹膜透析三种；而肾脏移植因医疗费用昂贵及存在一定的手术风险，腹膜透析需要严格培训后病者方能在家自行执行治疗；血液透析作为其中一种肾脏替代疗法，主要适用于慢性肾脏病晚期、急性肾衰等，它已被越来越多尿毒症人群认可，而很多人会问，血液透析是不是就可以完全治愈尿毒症呢？
事实上，血液透析只是作为肾脏替代治疗方法，不能达到完全治愈的效果，但可以起到长期稳定肾功能，提高患者生活质量和延长患者生命的效果。血液透析的装置主要由透析器（人工肾）、透析机、水处理装置及透析液而组成，它的原理是通过透析机将患者的血液引出，经过透析器特殊的滤膜，清除其中的代谢废物（毒素）和多余的液体，并䃼充人体所需的物质，净化后的血液通过血管路回输到体内，这一过程模拟了肾脏的功能，经过不断的循环交换，毒素及多余的水份被清除，维持了机体内环境的稳定。
而一次透析的时间一般在4小时左右，治疗期间，病人都可以安静休息，上网聊天，透析过程中透析机会自动控制治疗参数，并监测患者的血液循环和生命体征，全过程也有血液净化专科护士进行监控中，每位透析患者都能平安，轻松度过透析时间；
当然，在透析之前，透析通路的建立与维护是非常重要的，血管通路是尿毒症血液透析患者的生命线，有三种血管通路方式：（1）自体动静脉内瘘；（2）人工血管动静脉内瘘；（3）深静脉置管；这三种都是局麻的小手术，大家不用过度紧张。而自体动 veins and arteries to ensure sufficient blood flow for dialysis. However, long-term dialysis may cause vascular problems, such as thrombosis formation, which can lead to vascular occlusion. In such cases, medical staff will take corresponding treatment measures based on the size of the thrombus, such as thrombolysis or interventional surgery.
二、血液透析的注意事项
Firstly, patients need to undergo a comprehensive assessment before receiving dialysis treatment to ensure their suitability for dialysis. Secondly, during the dialysis process, patients may experience first-use syndrome, hypotension, hypertension, nausea and vomiting, chills and fever, muscle cramps, and disequilibrium syndrome. Patients must promptly report these symptoms to the doctor to adjust the treatment parameters. Dialysis treatment is not suitable for all patients, especially those with severe heart disease, shock, or serious infections. Therefore, before undergoing dialysis, patients must have adequate communication with the doctor to assess and determine the appropriate treatment method.
三、血液透析的日常管理
Patients can indeed engage in exercise and work/study after dialysis. In fact, many dialysis patients are able to work and study while undergoing dialysis. This not only brings them joy but also helps eliminate pessimistic emotions and increase enthusiasm for life. Additionally, dialysis patients need to pay attention to dietary management, following the guidance of doctors to reasonably balance their diet, appropriately consume high-quality protein, such as eggs and milk, while controlling water and salt intake to avoid excessive weight gain, which can affect cardiovascular health and quality of life. Through the regulation of electrolyte disorders, sleep, and psychological adjustment, patients can improve their quality of life and nutrition, prevent muscle atrophy, enhance cardio-pulmonary function, boost immunity, and potentially have a better regulatory effect on blood pressure and blood sugar.
Life is like the sea, with its tides and waves, and dialysis is like a boat, providing protection and guidance. It opens a new chapter in the lives of dialysis patients! As long as you can adhere to regular dialysis, take medication reasonably, and adjust your diet, you can regain a different kind of wonderful life.